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topic1: scientific method
The scientific method is a system used by scientist and every day people to solve problems and answer questions. Its been used for thousands of years dating back to times prior to ancient Egypt. -
topic 2: metric system
The metric system is the world wide universal system of measurement. What makes it so easy is that metric conversions are done in intervals of 10. All science is done using the metric system. The base unit for length is the meter; for volume, the liter; and mass, the gram. -
topic 3: microscope and tools
Scientists use many different tools in a laboratory setting. One of the most important is the microscope. Microscope has many parts each with its own function. -
topic 4: chemistry
Matter is any thing that has mass and takes up space. All matter is made of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons and electron. -
topic 5: organic chemistry
Organic molecules are made of carbon and hydrogen. They are necessary for maintaining the lives of organisms. Four organic molecules of living things include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. -
topic 6: cells
All living things are made of one or more cells. Cells are tiny factories that perform all the functions needed to keep an organism alive. They have tiny structures within called organelles that carry out all life processes at the cellular level include respiration, transport, synthesis and excretion. -
topic 7: cell membrane and trasport
The cell membrane is an organelle that surrounds the cell. It is sometimes called the gate keeper since it allows materials in and out of the cell. It is selectively permeable meaning it only allows certain materials in while restricting other materials. -
topic 8: inside plants
plants are the key to life on planet Earth. The make the energy of the sun available to all organisms on the planet. Cell organelles called chloroplasts take the solar energy and carbon dioxide and assemble a sugar molecule called glucose. A waste product of this process is oxygen which is needed for the survival of many organisms. -
topic 9: cellular respiration
Cellular energy is created by a cell organelle called the mitochondria. It uses glucose and oxygen to create cellular energy called ATP. In the process, carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product. -
topic 10: DNA structure and replication
DNA is a large molecule made up of smaller molecules call nucleotides. Before a cell can divide, DNA must copy its self in a process called DNA replication. This ensures that each cell gets an equal number of chromosomes. Humans have 46 chromosomes with 23 coming from the mother and 23 coming from the father. -
topic 11: cell division
All multi-cellular organism began as one cell that was created when two reproduction sex cells united. From there, cell division consisting of DNA replication followed by cell division and differentiation leads to complex multi-cellular organisms. -
topic 12: protein synthesis
DNA sequence in organisms have the information needed to make all the proteins in the body. Some important proteins include antibodies, hormones, and enzymes. -
topic 13: DNA mutations
Mutations are changes in DNA that can lead to changes in proteins. this can lead to diseases such as cancer but is also the driving force behind evolution. -
topic 14: genetic technology
Techniques scientist use to alter genes in organism in order to create products humans need and desire. For example, the human insulin gene is inserted into a bacteria cell and the bacteria will create human insulin. -
topic 15: evolution
This is one of the most important topics on the NYS regents exam. We talk about how organism change over time. Religion and comparisons are not discussed. -
topic 16: ecology
Ecology is the study of the way organisms interact with each other and their environment. This is an important topic for the regents exam. -
topic 17: human impact
The way that human positively and negatively impact our environment. Important topic on the regents exam. -
topic 18: reproduction
This topic includes mostly human reproduction including specific organs and hormones. -
topic 20: regent review: what you must know for the exam
This is the most important material that a student must know in order to pass the NYS Regents examination. It does not have all of the material but it does include most of the key concepts.
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